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The Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem ((ラテン語:Ordo Militaris et Hospitalis Sancti Lazari Hierosolymitani)) is a lay honorific order which claims a direct succession from the medieval crusader Order of Saint Lazarus. The Order was revived in France in the 19th century, with its statutes promulgated in 1910 by a Council of Officers of Catholics in Paris, France, with Patriarch Cyril VIII Jaha of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church as Protector.〔de Jandriac. Les chevaliers Hospitaliers de Saint Lazare de Jerusalem et de Notre Dame de la Merci. Rivista Araldica, November 1913, XI(11):p.679-683〕 Its stated purpose is "care and assistance of the sick and the poor, and to the support and defense of the Christian faith and the traditions and principles of Christian chivalry." The Order is not formally recognised by the Holy See, and its claims of unbroken continuity with the medieval Hospitaller order are not universally recognized by historians, and by some organizations such as the International Commission on Orders of Chivalry.〔http://www.heraldica.org/topics/orders/lazarus.htm〕 Nonetheless, it comprises some 5,000 members around the world, carrying out "praiseworthy charitable, humanitarian activity."〔http://www.icocregister.org/premise.htm〕 The Order underwent several schisms in the 20th and 21st centuries, and is now divided into two main "obediences" (Malta-Paris and Orleans); a "third" obedience recently splintered from the second (Orleans) obedience. The three obediences are: 1) The Malta-Paris obedience, lead by Carlos Gereda y de Borbón with protection of the Patriarch Gregorius III Laham of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church, 2) The Orléans obedience, led by Count Jan Dobrzenský z Dobrzenicz with protection of Henri d'Orléans, Count of Paris, head of the Orléanist branch of the House of Bourbon, and 3) The Jerusalem obedience, lead by Prince Sixtus Henry of Bourbon-Parma. == History == The turmoil of the French revolution (1789-1799) put an end to formal admission ceremonies to the medieval Order of Saint Lazarus though King Louis XVIII, previously grand master of the order admitted a number of knights while in exile. With the Bourbon Restoration, King Louis XVIII and his successor King Charles X both served as Protectors of the order which continued to be function under the management of a Council of Officers. In 1831, the order lost its Royal protection but was not abolished, since being originally a Papal-established order only the Pope could exclusively do so by a specific contrarius actus. This has never been forthcoming and hence the regulations relating to the order fall under the precepts of Canon Law which allows for an order to become extinct 100 years after the deaths of its last member. The last living member admitted before the French Revolution died in 1856. Hence, according to Canon law, the order would have become extinct in 1956. It has been argued that this itself was sufficient to allow the existence of the order right through the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.〔C. Savona-Ventura and M.W. Ross: The Heraldry and Development of the Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem. Published in 'Double tressure: The Journal of the Heraldry Society of Scotland, Summer 2013, 36:+28p.〕 Contemporary documentation confirms that the order was active philanthropically in the mid-nineteenth century in Haifa;〔Adolphe Dumas. Temple et Hospice du Mont-Carmel en Palesine. Fain & Thunot, Paris, 1844, p.11-12〕 while definite admissions were made on the late nineteenth centuries. The order maintains that throughout the nineteenth century after 1841, the order enjoyed the protection of the Melkite Patriarch. In 1910, the order promulgated new statutes placing the management again under the Council of Officers and maintaining the protection of the Melkite Patriarch.〔de Jandriac. Les chevaliers Hospitaliers de Saint Lazare de Jerusalem et de Notre Dame de la Merci. Rivista Araldica, November 1913, XI(11):p.679-683.〕 A Grand Magistracy was re-established in 1935 with the appointment of Francisco de Borbón y de la Torre. Notably, no matter if the modern establishment is to be attributed to 1841 under the Patriarch, to 1910 under the Council of Officers, or to 1935 under the re-erected Grand Magistracy of Francisco de Borbón y de la Torre - whether considered laicized or not - the enact would arguably not strictly be contrary to the Canon law.〔http://www.st-lazarus.net/en/the-order/q-a〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Order of Saint Lazarus (statuted 1910)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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